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Structure of a chloroplast.
Structure of a chloroplast. A, Chloroplast in a living plant cell. B, An electron micrograph of a chloroplast showing the photosynthetic membranes or thylakoids, these thylakoids are stacked into structures called grana. The fluid surrounding the grana is called the stroma. The stroma contains the Calvin cycle enzymes. C, An illustration of a chloroplast with the double membrane cut away to show the interior of this organelle.
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Chemiosmosis in a chloroplast.
Chloroplasts contain sacs called thylakoids. Proteins in the thylakoid membrane pump protons into the interior of the sac. ATP is produced on the outside surface of the membrane as protons pass back out of the sac through ATP ase channels.
แหล่งข้อมูล : Biology Understanding Life. Page 123
Understanding Biology. Page 199
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