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ÃÙ»·Õè 1 Client/ServerTransactions

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Two-tier Architecture

Êèǹ»ÃСͺ 3 Êèǹ ¢Í§â»Ãá¡ÃÁÍѹä´éá¡è ÊèǹáÊ´§¼ÅÊèǹ»ÃÐÁÇżÅáÅÐÊèǹ¢Í§¢éÍÁÙÅ «Öè§ÊÒÁÒöáºè§ä´éÍÍ¡à»ç¹2 ¨Ó¾Ç¡ ¤×Í Êèǹ¢Í§ÃËÑʢͧä¤Ãìà͹·ìáÅÐÊèǹ¢Í§°Ò¹¢éÍÁÙŢͧà«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃì
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㹡ÒÃÃéͧ¢Í¢éÍÁÙŨÐÍÂÙèã¹ÃÙ»¿ÍÃìÁ¢Í§SQL â´Â¡ÒÃÊè§ SQL¨Ò¡ä¤Ãìà͹·ì¶Ö§à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìµéͧ¡ÒáÒÃàª×èÍÁµèÍ·Õè¤è͹¢éÒ§á¹è¹Í¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§·Ñé§ÊͧªÑé¹ä¤Ãìà͹·ì¨ÐµéͧÃÙé¶Ö§ÇÒ¡ÂÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ì¢Í§à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìËÃ×ÍÁÕ¡ÒÃá»Å§ÃٻẺ¼èÒ¹ API (Application Program Interface) áÅÐÁѹ¨ÐµéͧÃÙéÇèÒà«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìÇèÒµÑé§ÍÂÙè·Õèã´áÅТéÍÁÙŨж١¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÍÂèÒ§äÃáÅТéÍÁÙŶ١¡Ó˹´ÍÂèÒ§äáÒÃÃéͧ¢Í¨Ð¶Ù¡à¡çºáÅлÃÐÁÇżź¹à¤Ã×èͧà«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃì«Öè§à»ç¹ÈÙ¹ÂìÃÇÁ¢Í§§Ò¹·Ñé§ËÁ´àªè¹¡ÒÃàªç¤¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µéͧ¢Í§¢éÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁ¢éÍÁÙÅáÅСÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ¢ͧ¢éÍÁÙÅ¢éÍÁÙŨж١Ê觤׹ä»ÂѧµÑÇä¤Ãìà͹·ì áÅж١¨Ñ´¡ÒÃã¹ÃдѺ¢Í§ä¤Ãìà͹·ì áÅéÇáÊ´§¼ÅÍÍ¡ÁÒà»ç¹µé¹



ÃÙ»·Õè 2 DataAccess Topology for two-tier architecture
Majority of functional logic exists at the client level

¢éʹբͧ two tier ¤×Íâ»Ãá¡ÃÁ·Õè¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Öé¹ÁÒ¹Ñé¹àÃçÇÁÒ¡ à¾ÃÒÐÃкº two tier ÊÒÁÒö¾Ñ²¹Òà»ç¹ÊèǹÂèÍÂàÅç¡æ ä´é ËÅÑ¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹Áѹ¨Ð¹ÓÃËÑÊÁÒà»ÃÕºà·Õº¡Ñ¹ áµèÁѹà»ç¹Ãкº·Õè¤è͹¢éÒ§¨ÐÂ×´ËÂØè¹¹éÍÂ
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IS organizations ÊÒÁÒöµÔ´µèÍÊèǹ·ÕèàËÅ×ÍÍÂÙè â´Âãªé¤ÓÊÑ觢ͧ¼Ùéãªé ¼èÒ¹à¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÃкº two tier ä¤Ãìà͹·ì/à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃì «Ö觾Ѳ¹Òä´éÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ áÅÐá»Å§ÃٻẺä´éÁÒ¡
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ÃкºÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂã¹Ãкº two tier ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«é͹ÁÒ¡ à¾ÃÒÐÇèÒ ¼ÙéãªéáµèÅФ¹µéͧãªéÃËÑʼèÒ¹·ÕèᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒûÃÐÁÇÅ SQL áµèÅФÃÑé§ â»Ãá¡ÃÁä¤Ãìà͹·ì/à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃì·Õèä´éÃѺ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ÊèǹÁÒ¡¨ÐÍ͡Ẻâ´Â»ÃÒȨҡ¡ÒõºµÒ «Öè§·ÓãËéà¾ÔèÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ áµèâÍ¡ÒÊ·ÕèÃËÑʼèÒ¹¨Ð«éӡѹ «Öè§·ÓãËé¼Ùéãªé·ÕèäÁèÁÕ㹡ÒûÃÐÁÇÅ¢éÍÁÙÅ ËÃ×͵ÒÃÒ§·Õè«è͹äÇé  à¢éÒä»ãªé¢éÍÁÙÅ  ·ÓãËé¢éÍÁÙÅÍÒ¨à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ËÃ×ÍÊÙ­ËÒÂä»ä´é

Three-tier Architecture

â¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ Three tier (µÒÁÃÙ»·Õè 3) ¾ÂÒÂÒÁà¾×è͡ӨѴ¢éͨӡѴ¢Í§â¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ two tier â´Âáºè§Êèǹ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŠáÅÐ °Ò¹¢éÍÁÙÅÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹ à»ç¹ 3 Êèǹ à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í·ÕèàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ ÊÒÁÒöãªéáÊ´§¼Åä´éàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹¡Ñºã¹Ãкº¢Í§ two tier  ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁà¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍàËÅèÒ?Õé¶Ù¡ãªéÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å àÁ×èÍ¡Òäӹdz ËÃ×Í»ÃÐÁÇÅ¢éÍÁÙŶ١ãªéâ´Â ˹èÇÂáÊ´§¼Å¢Í§ä¤Ãìà͹·ì ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¡ãªé¶Ù¡ÊÃéÒ§à»ç¹ à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìµÑÇ¡ÅÒ§ 㹪Ñé¹¹ÕéÊÒÁÒö·Ó¡Òäӹdz ËÃ×Í ÊÃéÒ§¡ÒÃÃéͧ¢ÍàËÁ×͹µÑÇä¤Ãìà͹·ì à¾×èÍÊè§ä»Âѧà«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìä´é   à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìµÑÇ¡ÅÒ§ÊÒÁÒöà¢éÒÃËÑÊ à»ç¹ÀÒÉÒ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»ä´é  àªè¹ÀÒÉÒ C  ¿Ñ§¡ìªÑè¹·Õèãªéã¹à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìªÑ鹡ÅÒ§¹ÕéÍÒ¨¨Ðãªé Multi-threaded áÅÐÊÒÁÒö»ÃÐÁÇżÅãËé¡Ñºä¤Ãìà͹·ìËÅÒÂæ µÑǾÃéÍÁ¡Ñ¹ áÁéÇèÒ¨Ðãªéâ»Ãá¡ÃÁ»ÃÐÂØ¡µìµèÒ§¡Ñ¹
Ãкº Three tier ¨Ðãªéà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ â´Â¡ÒÃàÃÕ¡ãªéµÑÇä¤Ãìà͹·ì ¶Ö§µÑÇà«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃì «Öè§Ãкº¨Ðä»àÃÕ¡â»Ãá¡ÃÁÂèÍ ËÃ×Í ·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ RPC   «Öè§àÃÒ¨ÐÊÒÁÒö·Ó§Ò¹áºº two tier ·Õèà»ç¹ÃкºãË­è ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº SQL ä´é áÅÐÃкº Three tier ÊÒÁÒöãªé»ÃÐ⪹ì¨Ò¡ RPC ä´é
RPC ¶Ù¡àÃÕ¡¨Ò¡Ë¹èÇÂáÊ´§¼Å ¶Ö§ à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìªÑ鹡ÅÒ§ «Öè§¡ÒÃãªé RPC ¨ÐÂ×´ËÂØè¹¡ÇèÒ SQL «Öè§àÃÕ¡¨Ò¡ µÑÇä¤Ãìà͹·ì¶Ö§µÑÇà«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìẺâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ Two tier
RPC ¨Ðà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÃéͧ¢Í¢Í§ä¤Ãìà͹·ì «Öè§µÑÇä¤Ãà͹·ì¨ÐÊè§¼èÒ¹¤èÒµÑÇá»Ã ÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒÃÃéͧ¢Í áÅÐÃкض֧â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢éÍÁÙÅ à¾×èÍÃѺ¤èÒ·ÕèÊè§¡ÅѺÁÒ ã¹¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å¢Í§ Three tier  ¹Ñé¹ µÑÇä¤Ãìà͹·ì äÁèµéͧ¡Ò÷Õèµéͧãªé SQL ÍÕ¡µèÍä»  ·ÓãËé¡Ò÷ӧҹÂ×´ËÂØè¹ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹  

ÃÙ»·Õè 3      Three Tier Architecture. Most of the logic processing is handled by functionality servers.
Middle-tier code can be accessed and utilized by multiple clients.

            ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé»ÃÐ⪹ìÍÕ¡ÍÂèҧ˹Öè§ ¡ç¤×Í¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Åâ´Âãªéâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¹Õé ÊÒÁÒö·Ó§Ò¹áºº¢¹Ò¹ä´é â´Âãªéâ»Ãá¡ÃÁ¾ÔàÈÉ  ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ Three tier ¹Ñé¹ÂѧÂ×´ËÂØè¹ã¹´éÒ¹·Õèà¡çº·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã «Öè§àÁ×èÍÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§â»Ãá¡ÃÁ àÃÒÊÒÁÒöá¡é䢷ÕèµÑÇ à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃì¡ÅÒ§à¾Õ§á¤è¤ÃÑé§à´ÕÂÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂѧ·ÓãËé¤ÇÒÁáÍÍÑ´¢Í§¢éÍÁÙÅã¹à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂŴŧ´éÇÂ

¡ÒÃà»ÃÕºà·Õº¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒöÃÐËÇèÒ§ Two Tier áÅÐ Three Tier

ÃÙ»¡ÃÒ¿ ·Õè 4  ¶Ö§ ÃÙ»¡ÃÒ¿·Õè 6 áÊ´§¶Ö§àÇÅÒ·Õèãªéá»Å§ ÊÓËÃѺ two tier áÅÐ three tier   àÇÅÒ·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃá»Å§¤×Í àÇÅҢͧÃкºã¹¡ÒõԴµèÍÊ×èÍÊÒà äÁèãªèàÇÅҢͧ¤¹  ÁÕ˹èÇ à»ç¹c/s  


ÃÙ»·Õè4            Initial Development Effort

ÃÙ»·Õè 4 áÊ´§¶Ö§ ¡ÒÃà»ÃÕºà·ÕºÃкº â»Ãá¡ÃÁ»ÃÐÂØ¡µìẺ Three Tier  ¨ÐãªéàÇÅÒ㹡ÒþѲ¹Ò¹Ò¹¡ÇèÒ à¾ÃÒÐãªéÀÒÉÒã¹ÃдѺÅèÒ§ ¢Í§ÀÒÉÒÃдѺ·Õè 3 (Third Generation Language) àªè¹ C à»ç¹µé¹   áÅФÇÒÁÂҡ㹡ÒõԴµèÍ «Í¿·ìáÇÃìâÁ´ÙÅ·ÕèäÁè¢Öé¹µè͡ѹ º¹ platform  ·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹
ã¹·Ò§µÃ§¢éÒÁ â¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ  Two tier ͹حҵãËéãªé ÀÒÉÒã¹ÃдѺÊÙ§ã¹à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§Êèǹ·ÕèµÔ´µè͡Ѻ¼Ùéãªé  


ÃÙ»·Õè 5            Subsequent Development Efforts

 

¨Ò¡ÃÙ»¨ÐàËç¹ä´éÇèÒàÇÅÒ·Õèãªéã¹Êèǹ¢Í§ à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìªÑ鹡ÅÒ§ãªéàÇÅÒ¹éÍÂÁÒ¡ áÅÐÊÒÁÒö¹Ó¢éÍÁÙÅÁÒãªéä´éãËÁè «Öè§ÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹ìÁÒ¡ â´Â੾ÒÐͧ¤ì¡ÃµèÒ§æ «Öè§µéͧãªéâ»Ãá¡ÃÁ»ÃÐÂØ¡µìàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¡ãªéàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹¡çÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊÊÙ§ ¡çäÁèµéͧàÊÕÂàÇÅÒ令é¹ËÒ¢éÍÁÙÅÍÕ¡  


ÃÙ»·Õè 6            Client Tool Migration

ÃÙ»·Õè 6  ¨Ðà»ç¹¡ÒÃà»ÃÕºà·ÕºàÁ×èÍÁÕ¡ÒÃÂéÒ ËÃ×Íà»ÅÕè¹à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í ã¹Ãкº Two Tier µéͧá¡é·Ø¡à¤Ã×èͧã¹Ãкº áµè ã¹Ãкº Three Tier à¾Õ§á¡éã¹ à«ÔÃì¿àÇÍÃìªÑ鹡ÅÒ§ àÁ×èÍÂéÒÂà¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍãËÁè ¼Ùé·Õè¾Ñ²¹Ò¨ÐµéͧÊÃéÒ§µÑÇáÊ´§¼ÅãËÁè áÅÐà¾ÔèÁ RPC


àÍ¡ÊÒÃÍéÒ§ÍÔ§            The Critical Choice of Client Server Architecture: A comparison of Two and Three Tier Systems